Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions for Preventing Obesity in Children: A Narrative Review

The global rise in overweight and obesity among children presents significant health challenges. Schools, as key social environments, can effectively influence children's dietary and physical activity habits due to the substantial time students spend there. School-based interventions can reach nearly all children and impact their environment's sociocultural and policy aspects to promote healthier habits. This literature review summarizes the literature discussing the effectiveness of school-based interventions in preventing childhood obesity, identifies the most effective strategies, and provides evidence-based recommendations for future interventions. In August 2024, a comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify the key studies discussing our topic. We found that school-based interventions that integrate nutritional education and physical activity programs effectively reduce body mass index (BMI) and improve weight status among children. Extensive research and systematic reviews have shown significant reductions in BMI through these comprehensive approaches. Incorporating nutritional education into the school curriculum, with practical lessons and healthy food promotions, positively impacts dietary behaviors. Physical activity programs, such as regular physical education classes and extracurricular sports, are vital for promoting healthy weight status. Parental involvement further enhances these interventions, leading to better outcomes in weight status and energy balance-related behaviors. Policies that promote healthy eating and physical activity within schools, including restricting unhealthy food access and improving physical activity facilities, also reduce BMI and obesity risk among children.