Does Cigarette Smoke Affect Permanent Resin-Based Crown Materials?

Area of Science:

• Dental Materials Science
• Additive Manufacturing
• Surface Engineering

Background:

• Dental restorations require durable materials resistant to environmental factors.
• Evaluating the impact of smoking on resin-based dental materials is crucial for clinical longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the effects of cigarette smoking on the surface roughness (Ra) and stainability (ΔE00) of additively and subtractively manufactured definitive resins.

Main Methods:

• Three types of definitive resins were tested: two additively manufactured (Dentafab, Formlabs) and one subtractively manufactured (Cerasmart).
• Specimens underwent a 30-day cigarette smoking simulation or were kept in artificial saliva as controls.
• Surface roughness and color change were measured before and after the simulation, with SEM imaging and statistical analysis.

Main Results:

• The Formlabs (FL) group exhibited significantly less discoloration compared to other groups (p < 0.001).
• The Dentafab (DF) group showed a statistically significant increase in surface roughness compared to controls (p = 0.005).
• No linear correlation was found between surface roughness and smoking-induced discoloration.

Conclusions:

• All tested materials showed moderately unacceptable color changes based on existing thresholds.
• The surface roughness and discoloration of 3D-printed SLA definitive resins due to smoking are within acceptable clinical limits.
• Optimized physical and chemical properties of definitive resins are vital for restoration longevity, supporting the clinical recommendation of 3D-printed definitive resins.