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Quantifying Fitness Costs in Transgenic Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
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Elevated developmental temperatures below the lethal limit reduce Aedes aegypti fertility.

Miriama Pekľanská1,2, Belinda van Heerwaarden3, Ary A Hoffmann3

  • 1Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|January 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High temperatures reduce fertility in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, affecting both individual insects and future generations. This impacts mosquito population dynamics in warming climates.

Keywords:
AcclimationFecundityHeat stressMosquitoThermal limit

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Entomology
  • Vector Biology

Background:

  • Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are primary vectors for dengue, posing significant public health risks.
  • Urbanization, climate change, and trade influence mosquito distribution and abundance.
  • Elevated temperatures impact insect mortality, with potential greater effects on fertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the effects of high temperatures on Aedes aegypti fertility.
  • Examine impacts both within a generation and across subsequent generations.

Main Methods:

  • Mosquitoes were reared and exposed to elevated temperatures (e.g., 35°C).
  • Fertility metrics including fecundity, egg hatching rates, and viable offspring production were assessed.
  • Critical thermal maxima (CTmax) were measured to assess acclimation.

Main Results:

  • Developmental acclimation led to higher CTmax in mosquitoes reared at elevated temperatures.
  • Fertility declined with increasing developmental temperature, with reduced fecundity in females.
  • Elevated temperatures decreased egg hatching rates and viable offspring production in males.
  • Subsequent generation fecundity increased when both sexes were reared at 35°C.
  • Adult exposure to 35°C further reduced fertility.

Conclusions:

  • Sub-lethal effects of high temperatures significantly impact Aedes aegypti fertility within and across generations.
  • Plastic responses to thermal stress influence mosquito reproductive success.
  • Findings are crucial for predicting mosquito population dynamics in warming environments.