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[Urinary tract infection due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and its relationship with nephrourological malformations]

Milena Rivero Segura1, Maximiliano Ferraris1, Natalia Luján Robledo1

  • 1Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena De Pediatria
|January 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are rare but often linked to underlying renal or urological issues. Prompt urinary tract imaging is recommended for these atypical pediatric UTIs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Urology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children, typically caused by enterobacteria.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is an infrequent cause of pediatric UTIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of pediatric UTI caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • To review literature and discuss the necessity of urinary tract imaging in such cases.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a 2-year-old girl with recurrent febrile UTI due to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Literature review of 16 additional cases of pediatric UTIs caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Diagnostic imaging including voiding cystourethrogram and renal scintigraphy.

Main Results:

  • The patient had a history of megaureter, left hydronephrosis, and grade V vesicoureteral reflux.
  • Renal scintigraphy indicated severe left kidney functional compromise.
  • Of the 17 total cases reviewed, 70% (12 cases) had associated renal-urological abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric UTIs caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are often associated with significant renal-urological alterations.
  • Urinary tract imaging studies are crucial for identifying these underlying conditions in children with atypical UTIs.

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