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Related Concept Videos

Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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  3. Research Domains
  5. Engineering
  7. Environmental Engineering
  9. Air Pollution Modelling And Control
  11. Changes In Traffic-related Air Pollution Exposures And Associations With Adverse Birth Outcomes Over 20 Years In Texas.
  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Engineering
  7. Environmental Engineering
  9. Air Pollution Modelling And Control
  11. Changes In Traffic-related Air Pollution Exposures And Associations With Adverse Birth Outcomes Over 20 Years In Texas.

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Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
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Changes in traffic-related air pollution exposures and associations with adverse birth outcomes over 20 years in Texas.

Perry Hystad1, Elaine L Hill2, Andrew Larkin1

  • 1School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.

International Journal of Epidemiology
|January 6, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure decreased over time, leading to small improvements in infant health outcomes like term low birthweight and preterm birth. These findings suggest regulatory efforts positively impact birth health.

Keywords:
Air pollutionaccountability studybirthweightpolicy evaluation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Billions invested in reducing traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) from vehicle emissions.
  • Limited research on TRAP emission changes and infant health outcomes.
  • Hypothesis: Association between vehicle exposure and adverse birth outcomes has weakened due to emission regulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in TRAP exposure measures over time.
  • To assess the association between TRAP exposure and adverse birth outcomes.
  • To examine trends in these associations by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Texas birth records (1996-2016) for over 6 million births.
  • Calculated residential TRAP exposure: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), vehicle miles traveled (VMT500), and highway proximity.
preterm birth
traffic
vehicle regulations
  • Employed linear and logistic regression, including time-stratified analyses.

    • Main Results:

    • NO2 exposures decreased by 59%; VMT500 remained stable.
    • TRAP exposure consistently linked to adverse birth outcomes (e.g., term low birthweight).
    • Magnitude of associations decreased significantly for VMT500 and preterm birth outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Observed evidence of modest improvements in birth outcomes.
    • These improvements correlate with reduced vehicle exhaust emissions over two decades.
    • Highlights the positive impact of regulatory measures on infant health.