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Obstructive sleep apnoea-associated factors in children and adolescents diagnosed by polysomnography: A scoping

Júlia M Saporiti1, Thiago A de Holanda1, Gabriela G Torino1

  • 1Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.

Respiratory Medicine
|January 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is more common in males and associated with obesity and tonsillar hypertrophy in children and adolescents. These factors are crucial for evaluating pediatric OSA.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent condition in children and adolescents.
  • Diagnostic assessments often involve overnight polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaires.
  • Identifying associated factors is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map existing research on factors linked to OSA in pediatric populations.
  • To synthesize evidence on the prevalence and associations of OSA risk factors.
  • To inform clinical evaluation and diagnostic strategies for pediatric OSA.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of observational studies was conducted.
  • Searches included three electronic databases up to May 2023.
  • Included studies analyzed factors like sex, obesity, and tonsillar hypertrophy.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis revealed a higher OSA prevalence in males (RR 1.15).
  • Significant associations were found between obesity and OSA (RR 1.42).
  • Tonsillar hypertrophy also showed a notable association with OSA (RR 1.61).

Conclusions:

  • Sex, obesity, and tonsillar size are important considerations in pediatric OSA evaluation.
  • These findings highlight key factors for risk stratification and diagnosis.
  • Further research may refine understanding of OSA etiology in youth.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenObesityObstructive sleep apneaPolysomnographyTonsillar hypertrophy

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