Current status of immunisation for herpes zoster

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Vaccinology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Herpes zoster (HZ) incidence increases with age and in immunocompromised individuals.
• HZ causes severe pain, reduced quality of life, and complications like postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and ocular complications.
• Disseminated zoster can affect the brain and liver in severely immunocompromised patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a second-generation Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZG) in immune-competent and immune-compromised populations.
• To assess the durability of vaccine efficacy over time.
• To determine vaccine immunogenicity in specific patient groups, including those on JAK inhibitors and corticosteroid therapy.

Main Methods:

• The study evaluated the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZG), composed of recombinant viral glycoprotein E and Adjuvant System 01 (AS01B).
• Efficacy and safety data were collected from immune-competent individuals and severely immune-compromised patients.
• Immunogenicity was assessed in patients receiving JAK inhibitors and corticosteroid therapy.

Main Results:

• The RZG demonstrated over 90% efficacy against HZ and associated complications in immune-competent individuals.
• Vaccine efficacy remained above 80% for at least 11 years.
• In severely immune-compromised patients, the RZG showed a safe profile with 68-87% efficacy and/or immunogenicity, with excellent immunogenicity in those on JAK inhibitors and corticosteroids.

Conclusions:

• The Recombinant Zoster Vaccine represents a successful and durable immunization strategy for aging and immune-compromised populations.
• The RZG provides significant protection against herpes zoster and its complications.
• The vaccine is a valuable tool for preventing HZ in vulnerable groups.