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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types.  Type I...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

7.9K

Knot-knot chronicles: unveiling the G-quadruplexes.

Himanshi Sharma1, Rohini Garg1

  • 1Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, India.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|January 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

G-quadruplex structures (GQSes) are crucial for gene regulation across DNA and RNA. Understanding GQSes offers potential for plant biotechnology advancements.

Keywords:
DNA G-quadruplexesG-quadruplexes in UTRsG-quadruplexes in the promoterGQS helicasesRNA G-quadruplexesgene regulationidentification of G-quadruplexes

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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • G-quadruplex structures (GQSes) are non-canonical nucleic acid structures involved in fundamental cellular processes.
  • They are prevalent in gene regulatory regions like promoters and 5'-UTRs, influencing gene expression.
  • Both DNA and RNA can form GQSes, exhibiting unique and shared characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse functions of GQSes across the genome.
  • To explore the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA GQSes.
  • To highlight the role of GQSes in plant development and biotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of GQS functionality and detection.
  • Analysis of protein interactions with GQSes.
  • Exploration of GQSes in plant gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • GQSes play significant roles in replication, transcription, and translation.
  • Specific proteins interact with GQSes to modulate their function.
  • GQSes are implicated in plant development and can be leveraged for biotechnology.

Conclusions:

  • GQSes are versatile regulators of gene expression in both DNA and RNA.
  • Understanding GQSes and their interacting proteins is key to their functional exploitation.
  • GQSes represent promising regulatory switches for advancing plant biotechnology.