Distribution of the Pfirrmann Classification by BMI and Age in a Mexican Population

This study aimed to delineate trends in intervertebral disc degeneration among Mexican patients, specifically focusing on the distribution and correlation between BMI and Pfirrmann classification results within the Mexican population. Conducted using the public health database of Mexico City. The study involved 51 patients sampled via convenience sampling, with exclusive utilization of internal MRI data from L4-L5 and L5-S1 discs. Data encompassed gender, age, height, weight, BMI, and radiographic findings. The dataset was stratified by gender and BMI categories, with analyses including measures of distribution and association, notably employing the Dunn test to compare BMI groups. Visualization tools such as violin plots and box-and-whisker charts were employed to elucidate the relationships between BMI, age, and Pfirrmann classification results. In both female and male groups, increasing BMI exhibited a positive correlation with disc degeneration severity, particularly pronounced in the obesity category. Statistical analyses revealed differences between normal BMI and overweight/obesity groups. Furthermore, there is also an increase in severity between overweight and obesity groups. The odds ratios (ORs) for disc degeneration severity, comparing different BMI categories, reveal significant associations. Among women, overweight individuals have 3.333 times higher odds of presenting a Pfirrmann classification result 4 at L4-L5, and 6.545 times higher odds at L5-S1, compared to those with normal BMI. Similarly, women with obesity have 8 times higher odds of disc degeneration at both levels. For men, the ORs were 1.6 and 2.222 at L4-L5 and L5-S1, respectively, comparing normal BMI to overweight individuals, the ORs were 5 at L4-L5 and 4.166 at L5-S1 when comparing normal BMI to obesity. This study offers persuasive evidence that, among Mexican patients, body mass index (BMI) is probably correlated with the severity of lumbosacral degenerative disc degeneration (DDD). Acknowledging limitations in sample size, future investigations should delve into elucidating the underlying mechanisms driving this correlation. Multi-center studies with larger, diverse cohorts are warranted to validate and enhance the generalizability of our findings. We promote the focus on early detection and prevention, marking a paradigm change in the treatment of degenerative spine disorders and opening the door for creative methods of patient care and public health campaigns.