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Infants of diabetic mothers: epidemiology, pathophysiology, fetal heartassessment, structural and functional heart

Ayed A Shati1, Syed E Mahmood2, Youssef A Alqahtani1

  • 1Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Cardiology in the Young
|January 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infants born to mothers with diabetes face increased risks of heart defects and other health issues. Early diabetes detection and intervention are crucial for maternal and infant well-being.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are neonates born to mothers experiencing hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
  • Maternal diabetes poses significant risks, including teratogenic effects on fetal cardiovascular development, leading to congenital heart defects (CHDs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the risks associated with maternal diabetes on neonatal cardiac health.
  • To inform healthcare providers about severe risks to a newborn's cardiac system and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on maternal diabetes and infant outcomes.
  • Synthesis of data on cardiovascular complications in infants of diabetic mothers.

Main Results:

  • IDMs exhibit a higher incidence of cardiac malformations and functional impairments.
  • These conditions impact maternal, fetal, neonatal, and long-term adult health.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal diabetes presents substantial risks to infant cardiovascular health.
  • Further research and timely interventions are essential for managing diabetes during pregnancy and mitigating adverse effects.

Keywords:
cardiac structurefetusgestational diabetesinfant of diabetic motherpregnancyprenatal

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