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Negative PSMA PET can be used to avoid unnecessary pelvic lymph node dissection in intermediate risk prostate cancer
Reha-Baris Incesu1, Felix Preisser1, Florian Nohe1
1Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Background:
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) has a high negative predictive value (NPV) in determining lymph node invasion (LNI) in men with intermediate-risk disease undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). We hypothesized that PSMA PET may be used to reduce the number of unnecessary PLND procedures performed.
Objective:
To assess BCR-free survival of intermediate risk prostate cancer patients with a negative PSMA PET who underwent PLND vs. no PLND.
Design, Setting, And Participants:
Within a high-volume center database, we identified patients with Grade Group 2-3 and PSA ≤ 20 ng/ml who had a negative PSMA PET prior to RP between 2016 and 2021.
Outcome Measurements And Statistical Analysis:
Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare BCR-free survival between patients with and without PLND.
Results And Limitations:
Overall, 371 patients were identified. Of those, 333 (90%) underwent RP with PLND, while 38 (10%) had no PLND during RP. Median number of removed lymph nodes in patients with PLND was 16. The NPV of PSMA PET for LNI detection was 90.1%. Median follow-up was 36 months. The median preoperative PSA was 7.8 ng/ml. 59% had biopsy Grade Group 2 and 41% had biopsy Grade Group 3, respectively. BCR-free survival at 36 months after prostatectomy was 78.7% vs. 76.7% (p = 0.8) for patients with vs. without PLND. Main limitation is the absence of long-term oncologic outcomes.
Conclusions:
In intermediate risk prostate cancer patients, a PLND may be avoided in the presence of a negative PSMA PET.
Insights
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) scans can help avoid unnecessary pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. A negative PSMA PET scan indicates that PLND may be safely omitted without impacting biochemical recurrence-free survival.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nuclear Medicine
- Urology
Background:
- Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) has a high negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer.
- PSMA PET may help reduce the number of unnecessary pelvic lymph node dissections (PLND) performed during radical prostatectomy (RP).
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival in intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients with a negative PSMA PET scan who underwent PLND versus those who did not.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of patients with Grade Group 2-3 prostate cancer and PSA ≤ 20 ng/mL who had a negative PSMA PET prior to RP (2016-2021).
- Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare BCR-free survival between patients who had PLND and those who did not.
Main Results:
- 371 patients were identified; 333 (90%) had PLND and 38 (10%) did not.
- The NPV of PSMA PET for LNI was 90.1%.
- At 36 months, BCR-free survival was similar between patients with (78.7%) and without (76.7%) PLND (p=0.8).
Conclusions:
- Pelvic lymph node dissection may be safely avoided in intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients with a negative PSMA PET scan.
- This approach can help reduce the number of unnecessary surgical procedures.
