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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Electrospinning Growth Factor Releasing Microspheres into Fibrous Scaffolds
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Whey Protein-Based Hydrogel Microspheres for Endovascular Embolization.

Chen Guo1, Randy Donelson1, Zhengyu Wang2

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Whey protein hydrogel microspheres (WPHMS) offer a promising new option for transarterial embolization. These biocompatible microspheres effectively occlude target vessels and show controlled degradation, minimizing risks associated with traditional agents.

Keywords:
UV-initiated cross-linkingbiodegradabilitybiopolymerdrug deliveryhydrogel microspherestransarterial embolization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Transarterial embolization (TAE) uses embolic agents to block arteries, but conventional agents can cause inflammation and ischemia.
  • Next-generation agents require biocompatibility, biodegradability, and drug delivery capabilities, yet rapid degradation poses migration risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel whey protein hydrogel microspheres (WPHMS) for transarterial embolization.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of WPHMS as potential endovascular embolization agents.

Main Methods:

  • Methacrylated whey protein was used to create WPHMS, which underwent terminal sterilization via autoclaving.
  • In vitro tests assessed injectability, compressibility, cytocompatibility (NIH/3T3 cells), and enzymatic degradation (proteinase K).
  • In vivo studies in rabbit renal models evaluated acute occlusion and chronic degradation over 3 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Sterile WPHMS were successfully suspended in contrast agents and injected through catheters, withstanding compression.
  • WPHMS demonstrated cytocompatibility and controlled degradation, with potential for drug loading (doxorubicin hydrochloride).
  • In vivo studies confirmed effective acute renal artery occlusion and sustained presence for 3 weeks with degradation, anchoring to fibrous tissue.

Conclusions:

  • WPHMS exhibit favorable characteristics for use as endovascular embolization agents.
  • The controlled degradation and anchoring of WPHMS residues mitigate risks of off-target embolization.
  • WPHMS represent a promising advancement for minimally invasive embolic therapies.