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Factors associated with aspects of functioning one year after hospitalization due to COVID-19

Alexandra C Larsson1,2, Annie Palstam1,3,4, Linda Ashman Kröönström1,2

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Clinical Rehabilitation
|January 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Older age, female sex, and physical fatigue at 3 months post-COVID-19 hospitalization predict lower functioning at 1 year. Initial COVID-19 severity did not significantly impact long-term function.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Rehabilitation
  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Long COVID can lead to persistent functional impairments after hospitalization.
  • Understanding factors predicting long-term outcomes is crucial for targeted rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of functional status 1 year after COVID-19 hospitalization.
  • To assess factors present at 3 months post-discharge.

Main Methods:

  • Multicenter prospective observational study.
  • Inclusion of patients ≥18 years hospitalized for COVID-19.
  • Assessment of patient-reported outcomes and clinical data at 3 months and 1 year post-discharge.

Main Results:

  • Older age, female sex, and self-reported physical fatigue at 3 months were associated with lower functioning at 1 year.
  • 50% had reduced forced vital capacity and 57% reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second at 1 year.
  • Initial COVID-19 severity did not significantly predict 1-year functioning.

Conclusions:

  • Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 may have near-maximal functional capacity despite acceptable spirometry results 1 year later.
  • In-depth assessments are necessary to identify specific rehabilitation needs in post-COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19activitybody functionfunctional outcomesfunctioninghospitalspost-COVIDrehabilitationrespiration

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