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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

612
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
612

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Aging-dependent Change in Th17 and Cytokine Response in Multiple Sclerosis.

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    As people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) age, their inflammatory disease activity declines. This decline is partly mediated by reduced myelin basic protein (MBP)-stimulated interleukin-17 (IL-17) production in women with MS.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Neuroscience
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
    • Inflammatory disease activity in people with MS (pwMS) tends to diminish with age.
    • This age-related decline prompts investigation into the benefits versus risks of discontinuing disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in older pwMS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if peripheral Myelin Basic Protein (MBP)-driven cytokine responses mediate the age-associated decline in MS inflammatory disease activity.
    • To explore the relationship between age, MBP-stimulated cytokine production, and relapse rates in pwMS.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of clinical data from 669 pwMS (2017-2022).
    • Isolation and ex vivo culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 80 pwMS with MBP stimulation.
    • Assay of cytokine (IL-17, IFN-γ) production and analysis of associations between age, cytokine response, and annualized relapse rate (ARR) using regression and mediation analyses.

    Main Results:

    • Annualized relapse rate (ARR) declined with age in pwMS.
    • MBP-stimulated IL-17 production decreased with age in women but not men.
    • MBP-driven IL-17 response partially mediated the association between older age and lower ARR, particularly in women.

    Conclusions:

    • Diminished peripheral IL-17 response may be a biological mechanism for the age-dependent decline in MS inflammatory activity.
    • These findings suggest a potential role for immune responses in modulating MS progression over time.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of IL-17 in aging-related MS DA.