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Quantitative Genetics of Microbiome Mediated Traits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Quantitative genetics
    • Microbiome research

    Background:

    • Multicellular organisms harbor microbial communities (microbiomes) that influence host fitness.
    • The evolutionary impact of microbiomes is unclear due to a lack of theoretical frameworks integrating host and microbial effects on variation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To extend quantitative genetic theory to incorporate host-associated microbes as factors influencing host trait variation.
    • To develop a framework for predicting microbiome-mediated responses to selection.
    • To generalize heritability concepts to include microbial contributions.

    Main Methods:

    • Extending quantitative genetic theory to include host alleles and microbiome components.
    • Developing a method to partition microbiomes for predicting selection responses.
    • Applying a simulation model of microbiome inheritance.

    Main Results:

    • Host-associated microbes, alongside host genetics, explain quantitative trait variation.
    • Microbiome-mediated selection responses can occur through various transmission modes, including non-vertical.
    • The contribution of non-vertical microbiome transmission depends on host life history.

    Conclusions:

    • This work provides a foundational framework for integrating microbiome effects into the study of host variation and adaptation.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering host-microbe interactions in evolutionary processes.
    • The generalized heritability concepts offer new tools for analyzing trait evolution in the presence of microbiomes.