Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

218
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
218
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.2K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.2K
Primary Motives: Sleep, Sex, and Pain Avoidance01:24

Primary Motives: Sleep, Sex, and Pain Avoidance

435
Primary motives such as sleep, sex, and pain avoidance are crucial drivers of behavior in humans and animals. These motives ensure survival, reproductive success, and overall well-being by prompting actions that meet essential bodily needs.
Sleep is a fundamental physiological drive that fosters a state of restfulness crucial for several bodily functions. It facilitates body restoration, the process by which the body repairs, rejuvenates, and maintains itself during sleep, including memory...
435
Pain01:20

Pain

449
Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
449
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

89
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
89
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

230
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
230

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reducing bias and enhancing equity in AI-enabled precision nutrition: addressing measurement error across wearables, multiomics, and dietary data.

Frontiers in digital health·2026
Same author

A narrative review on oxytocin at the intersection of sleep, stress, and social behavior.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same author

Fentanyl-Xylazine Co-Administration Leads to Sustained Depression of Breathing and Body Temperature Likely Driven by μ-Opioid and α <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Pathway Interactions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Loss of connexin 36 elicits abnormalities in thalamocortical network activity relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

A hypothalamic circuit for circadian regulation of corticosterone secretion.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Transcultural headache medicine: A framework for integrating cultural contexts into headache science and care - a call to action from the International Headache Society.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2026
Same journal

Layered social competition coordinates reproductive hierarchy formation in ants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Combination epigenetic-targeted therapy increases the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic sarcomas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Loss of LanC-like proteins delays post-injury regeneration of aging skeletal muscles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Transfer Network: Deep Transfer Learning Across Populations and Prediction Targets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Confidence-supported label-free metabolic imaging with FPhaS phase autofluorescence microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Sequence-encoded autoinhibition couples mRNA decapping activity to phase separation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice
08:58

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

9.7K

Identifying the Brain Circuits that Regulate Pain-Induced Sleep Disturbances.

Nicole Lynch1, Roberto De Luca1, Richard L Spinieli1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, and Program in Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|January 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting specific brain pathways that promote wakefulness can effectively reduce pain-induced sleep disturbances. This approach offers a promising alternative to traditional pain medications, minimizing risks and improving sleep quality.

More Related Videos

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

23.5K
A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice
08:58

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

9.7K
Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

23.5K
A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Chronic pain and sleep loss impair the effectiveness of opioid analgesia by reducing opioidergic system sensitivity.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms linking pain and sleep disturbances is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • The spino-parabrachial pathway and parabrachial nucleus expressing Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (PBelCGRP) neurons are implicated in gating aversive stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between nociceptor activation, pain, and subsequent sleep disturbances.
  • To determine if targeted blockade of the PBelCGRP wake pathway can alleviate pain-induced sleep issues without causing somnolence.
  • To identify specific brain regions and receptors involved in mediating pain-induced sleep disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Acute inflammatory pain (AIP) and opto-pain models were used to induce pain.
  • Selective genetic ablations and optogenetic silencing techniques were employed to inactivate PBelCGRP neurons and their terminals.
  • Pharmacological blockade of CGRP and NMDA receptors at specific brain sites (SI-BF, CeA) was performed.

Main Results:

  • Nociceptor activation in both pain models induced sleep loss, reduced sleep spindle density, and increased sleep fragmentation.
  • Inactivation of glutamatergic PBelCGRP neurons prevented these pain-induced sleep disturbances.
  • Silencing PBelCGRP terminals in the substantia innominata of the basal forebrain (SI-BF) and the central nucleus of the Amygdala (CeA) reversed sleep loss, mediated by CGRP and NMDA receptors.

Conclusions:

  • The glutamatergic PBelCGRP pathway plays a critical role in mediating sleep disturbances associated with acute pain.
  • Targeting specific wake pathways, particularly within the SI-BF and CeA, offers a potential therapeutic strategy for co-treating pain and sleep disorders.
  • This approach may provide a safer alternative to traditional analgesics by avoiding risks associated with opioid medications.