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Updated: May 7, 2025

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
Inner engineering is associated with perceived improvements in relationship quality, interpersonal connections, and
Nashaw Jafari1, Atina Manvelian2, Enas Mohamed1
1Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Objectives:
Interpersonal relationships are a cornerstone of wellbeing. Mindfulness-based practices have been shown to improve relationship quality and reduce perceived stress. Inner Engineering (IE) is a transformative program that includes meditative and yogic practices associated with improvements in mindfulness and wellbeing.
Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study enrolled participants who were already registered for the Inner Engineering program to learn Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya, a multi-component, 21-min meditation. Of the 356 participants who consented, 290 participants downloaded the mobile 3Cs app to participate. The enrolled participants were asked to complete self-reported electronic questionnaires at three timepoints: before the program, post-program, and 6 weeks after the program. The following measures were used: the Positive-Negative Relationship Quality (PN-RQ) scale, Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Compassion Scale (CS), and Flourishing Measure. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the survey data, with p-values of < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results:
From the baseline to the 6-week follow-up after the program, the participants reported experiencing more positive qualities (p < 0.001, = 0.12) and fewer negative qualities (p = 0.001, = 0.08) in their relationships, increased interpersonal mindfulness (p < 0.001, = 0.30), decreased stress levels (p < 0.001, = 0.27), enhanced compassion for others (p < 0.001, = 0.17), and overall personal wellbeing (p < 0.001, = 0.25).
Conclusion:
Participation in the Inner Engineering yoga program appears to be associated with improvements in relationships, interpersonal mindfulness, compassion, stress, and overall wellbeing.
Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05528978.
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