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Vitamin D supplementations and mortality among patients with moderate/severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis of randomized
Hyder Mirghani1, Shamina Begum2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Vitamin D supplementation does not appear to impact COVID-19 patient mortality. This meta-analysis found no significant association between Vitamin D intake and survival outcomes in individuals with COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Nutritional Science
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Vitamin D deficiency is linked to severe COVID-19 outcomes.
- The effect of Vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 mortality remains debated.
- Existing research presents conflicting evidence regarding Vitamin D's role in COVID-19 prognosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
- To analyze the impact of varying Vitamin D dosages on COVID-19 survival.
- To clarify the controversial role of Vitamin D in COVID-19 outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across six databases up to July 2023.
- Included 14 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving COVID-19 patients and Vitamin D supplementation.
- Data extracted included Vitamin D dose, patient demographics, mortality, and comorbidities; analyzed using RevMan 5.4.
Main Results:
- No statistically significant association was found between Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 mortality (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.84-1.59; P=0.36).
- No significant difference in mortality was observed between high and low dose Vitamin D supplementation (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.37-1.57; P=0.13).
- Sub-analysis revealed no significant difference in mortality for low-dose supplementation versus placebo or in Vitamin D-deficient patients.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin D supplementation shows no evident association with mortality in COVID-19 patients, regardless of dosage or baseline Vitamin D status.
- Further research is required to determine optimal timing and frequency of Vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19.
- Current evidence does not support Vitamin D supplementation solely for reducing COVID-19 mortality.
Background:
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with severe COVID 19 and poor outcomes. However, the role of Vitamin D supplementation on mortality is controversial. The current meta analysis aimed to investigate the same among patients with COVID 19.
Materials And Methods:
We searched six databases from inception up to July 2023. The keywords used were COVID 19, SARS COV 2, mortality, Vitamin D, calcitriol, cholecalciferol, Calcifediol, survival, death, small dose, and high dose. Eight hundred and sixteen studies were retrieved, 103 full texts were screened, and 14 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta analysis. A structured checklist was used to gather the author's name, country, year of publication, Vitamin D dose, age, sex, number of patients, mortality, and comorbidities. The Cochrane system for meta analysis (RevMan, version 5.4) was used for the data analysis.
Results:
No association was found between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among patients with COVID 19, odd ratio, 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84-1.59, and P = 0.36. No difference between high and low dose Vitamin D supplementation, odd ratio, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.37-1.57, and P = 0.13. In a sub analysis, no significant statistical difference was found between low dose Vitamin D supplementation versus placebo, and when considering patients who were Vitamin D deficient, odd ratio, 1.10, 95% CI, 0.74-1.63. The P = 0.64 and, odd ratio, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.71-1.40, and P = 0.97 respectively.
Conclusion:
No association was evident between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among patients with COVID 19 irrespective of doses and Vitamin D status. Further studies are needed to address the timing and frequency of Vitamin D supplementations.
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