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Bariatric surgery and alcohol and substance use: A case-control survey study
Shannon N Speed1, Garrick T Sherman2, Tammy Wang1
1Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|January 7, 2025
Summary
This study found no increase in problematic alcohol or substance use after bariatric surgery (BS). However, patients reported increased guilt related to substance use post-surgery.
Area of Science:
- Bariatric Surgery Outcomes
- Substance Use Disorders
- Behavioral Health
Background:
- Previous studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the development of alcohol and/or other substance misuse following bariatric surgery (BS).
- A need exists to clarify the relationship between BS and subsequent substance use patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate alcohol and other substance use patterns before and after bariatric surgery.
- To compare substance use in bariatric surgery patients with a non-bariatric surgery control group.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional online survey was administered to adults reporting alcohol or substance use.
- The study utilized a modified Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to assess substance use.
- Data were collected from 328 bariatric surgery patients and 292 non-bariatric surgery controls.
Main Results:
- Problematic alcohol, opioid, amphetamine, and cannabis use decreased post-surgery compared to pre-surgery.
- Bariatric surgery patients reported greater problematic use of alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, and inhalants compared to controls, both pre- and post-surgery.
- Participants reported increased guilt associated with alcohol and substance use after surgery.
Conclusions:
- Contrary to some previous reports, this study did not find an increase in problematic alcohol and substance use following bariatric surgery.
- Limitations include potential recall bias and the survey-based methodology.
- Increased guilt related to substance use may indicate altered subjective responses post-bariatric surgery.
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