Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), its additives, microplastic and human health: Unresolved and emerging issues

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Public Health

Background:

• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used plastic in Europe with documented risks throughout its lifecycle.
• Concerns include the carcinogenicity of PVC monomer, extensive use of hazardous additives, and fragmentation into microplastics.
• Regulatory bodies and international agreements highlight the need for action on PVC and its associated chemicals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review available data on PVC microplastics, additives, and end-of-life management.
• To connect these aspects within the broader context of chemical pollution and circular economy.
• To emphasize the necessity of resource management changes for a non-toxic environment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific data on PVC.
• Analysis of PVC's lifecycle, including production, use, and disposal.
• Examination of regulatory actions and international policy discussions.

Main Results:

• PVC poses risks from monomer carcinogenicity to microplastic pollution and waste management issues.
• Additives used in PVC are often problematic and contribute to health and environmental concerns.
• Current waste management practices for PVC are insufficient, leading to continuous environmental release.

Conclusions:

• PVC's lifecycle presents substantial human health and environmental hazards.
• Regulatory intervention is necessary to mitigate risks associated with PVC and its additives.
• A shift towards sustainable resource management is essential for achieving a non-toxic environment and a true circular economy.