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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
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Chromatin-centric insights into DNA replication.

Yang Liu1, Zhengrong Zhangding2, Xuhao Liu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, PKU-THU Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|January 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication precisely transmits genetic information in eukaryotes. This review explores how chromatin structure and transcription regulate DNA replication for genomic stability.

Keywords:
3D genome structureDNA replicationchromatin environmenttranscription

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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication is essential for accurate genetic information transfer.
  • Eukaryotic DNA replication occurs within a complex chromatin environment.
  • Genomic stability relies on regulated DNA replication.
  • 3D genome structure and transcription influence DNA replication timing and location.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms governing eukaryotic DNA replication.
  • To emphasize the roles of chromatin architecture and transcription in mammalian DNA replication.
  • To provide a foundation for future research in DNA replication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotic DNA replication.
  • Focus on mammalian chromatin landscape.

Main Results:

  • DNA replication is temporally and spatially regulated.
  • Chromatin structure and transcriptional activity are key regulators.
  • These factors are crucial for maintaining genomic stability.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA replication regulation is vital for genomic stability.
  • Chromatin architecture and transcription are critical determinants of replication.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex processes.