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Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
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Cognitive Functioning in Children and Young People with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of

Maria Koushiou1,2, Sauleha Manzoor1, Antonis Jossif2

  • 1Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) experience significant cognitive impairments, including lower IQ and executive function deficits. These challenges worsen with age, highlighting the need for early interventions and ongoing support.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common condition requiring complex medical care in young individuals.
  • Cognitive functioning is a critical aspect of development and quality of life for children and adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize findings from meta-analyses on the cognitive impact of CHD in individuals aged 0-24 years.
  • To identify specific cognitive domains affected by CHD and influencing factors.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature review of meta-analyses published between 1976 and 2024.
  • Utilized the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist for quality assessment.
  • Performed a narrative synthesis of extracted data on cognitive outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Significant cognitive impairments observed in children with CHD across IQ, executive functions, memory, and alertness.
  • Cognitive deficits were more pronounced with increasing age and more complex CHD presentations.
  • Early-age surgeries improved survival but did not fully resolve cognitive impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Children with CHD face persistent cognitive challenges necessitating early identification and tailored interventions.
  • Routine cognitive assessments and comprehensive support are vital for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies and effective rehabilitation programs.

Keywords:
cognitive functioningcongenital heart diseasenarrative synthesisneurodevelopmental outcomes

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