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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney01:18

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering and cleaning blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte levels. To perform these essential functions, they require a constant and robust blood supply.
Bloody Supply to the Kidneys:
The kidneys receive their blood supply from the renal arteries, which branch off from the abdominal aorta—the main artery supplying the abdomen and lower body. The renal arteries enter the kidneys at the hilum, a notch on the medial side of each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

In Vitro Modeling of Cancerous Neural Invasion: The Dorsal Root Ganglion Model
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Targeting Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer.

Ingrid Garajová1, Elisa Giovannetti2,3

  • 1Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.

Cancers
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neural invasion is a key feature of pancreatic cancer, promoting tumor growth and pain. Targeting this interaction may improve outcomes and reduce pain for pancreatic cancer patients.

Keywords:
cancer painneural invasionpancreatic ductal adenocarcinomatumor microenvironment

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Pancreatic cancer exhibits aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis.
  • Neural invasion is a hallmark of pancreatic cancer, influencing tumor progression and metastasis.
  • Neural invasion contributes to intractable pain and predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of nerves in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment.
  • To highlight the reciprocal interaction between nerves and pancreatic cancer cells.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting neural invasion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on neural invasion in pancreatic cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying neural invasion and pain.
  • Discussion of therapeutic targets for neural invasion.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral nerves modulate pancreatic cancer cell behavior and the tumor microenvironment.
  • Tumor cells stimulate nerve outgrowth, creating a feedback loop that fuels cancer advancement.
  • Key molecules like neurotrophins (NGF), chemokines, and adhesion factors are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Neural invasion significantly promotes pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis.
  • Targeting neural invasion offers a potential strategy to inhibit tumor growth and alleviate pain.
  • Understanding the nerve-tumor crosstalk is crucial for developing novel pancreatic cancer therapies.