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Comparative Effects of GLP-1 and GLP-2 on Beta-Cell Function, Glucose Homeostasis and Appetite Regulation
Asif Ali1, Dawood Khan1, Vaibhav Dubey1
1Centre for Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
Biomolecules
|January 8, 2025
Summary
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) show distinct effects on insulin secretion but similar benefits for pancreatic beta-cell health and glucose regulation in mice. Both peptides also suppress appetite.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolism
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is well-studied for metabolic effects, while glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has received less attention.
- Both GLP-1 and GLP-2 are secretory products derived from intestinal L-cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effects of GLP-1 and GLP-2 on pancreatic beta-cell function, glucose tolerance, and appetite.
- To investigate the distinct and shared roles of these proglucagon-derived peptides.
Main Methods:
- Insulin secretion was measured in BRIN-BD11 cells and isolated mouse islets.
- Cytosolic cAMP levels, beta-cell proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed.
- In vivo studies in mice evaluated glucose homeostasis and appetite suppression.
Main Results:
- GLP-1, but not GLP-2, dose-dependently increased insulin secretion and cAMP levels in islet cells.
- Both GLP-1 and GLP-2 promoted beta-cell proliferation and protected against apoptosis.
- In mice, both peptides suppressed appetite and improved glucose disposal, with GLP-1 enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
Conclusions:
- GLP-1 and GLP-2 exhibit divergent effects on insulin secretion but similar impacts on beta-cell signaling and health.
- Peripheral administration of either peptide in rodents leads to comparable improvements in blood glucose and appetite control.
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