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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...

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High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry
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Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker for Risk Stratification in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Intensive Care

Ricardo Ferreira1, Tiago R Velho1,2,3, Rafael Maniés Pereira1,2,4

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.

Biomolecules
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) increases after cardiac surgery, peaking at 6 hours. Higher GDF15 levels indicate a greater risk of postoperative complications like acute kidney injury and prolonged support.

Keywords:
GDF15acute kidney injurycardiac surgerycardiopulmonary bypasshemodynamic supportsurgical aortic valve replacement

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Author Spotlight: Enhancing PSC-to-Functional Cell Differentiation Using ML Models Based on Live-Cell Bright-Field Imaging
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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker discovery in cardiovascular surgery
  • Inflammation and stress response pathways

Background:

  • Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is an emerging biomarker associated with stress and inflammation.
  • Its role in predicting early postoperative complications after cardiac surgery is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the postoperative GDF15 profile in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement.
  • To evaluate the association between GDF15 levels and short-term postoperative outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Serum GDF15 levels were measured preoperatively and at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery.
  • Correlation with cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamp times, and clinical outcomes was assessed.

Main Results:

  • GDF15 levels significantly increased post-surgery, peaking at 6 hours.
  • Elevated GDF15 correlated with longer bypass and cross-clamp times.
  • Higher GDF15 levels were associated with acute kidney injury, prolonged hemodynamic support, increased ventilation time, and longer ICU stays.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative GDF15 levels rise significantly after surgical aortic valve replacement.
  • GDF15 is a potential biomarker for risk stratification and guiding treatment decisions in cardiac surgery patients.
  • Elevated GDF15 is linked to adverse short-term outcomes, including AKI and prolonged support.