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The Posterior Dominant Rhythm Remains Within Normal Limits in the Microgravity Environment.

Vasileios Kokkinos1,2, Andreas M Koupparis3, Tomer Fekete4

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Summary

Electroencephalogram (EEG) biomarkers are crucial for monitoring astronaut brain health. This study found that posterior dominant rhythm (PDR) spectral features remained stable during short space missions, indicating no significant changes in microgravity.

Keywords:
alphaelectroencephalographymicrogravityposterior dominant rhythm

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) biomarkers are vital for monitoring astronaut brain health during space missions.
  • Assessing changes in EEG patterns, specifically the posterior dominant rhythm (PDR), under microgravity is crucial for understanding neurophysiological adaptations.
  • Developing sensitive and specific EEG biomarkers is essential for ensuring crew safety and mission success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate alterations in the posterior dominant rhythm (PDR) spectral features of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in astronauts during a space mission.
  • To compare in-flight EEG recordings with pre- and post-mission terrestrial recordings to detect microgravity effects.
  • To determine the stability of basic PDR characteristics under short-term microgravity exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dry-electrode EEG headgear for self-donned recordings on three crew members during the 16-day AXIOM-1 mission.
  • Recorded resting-state EEG with eyes open and closed, focusing on PDR oscillations during eye closure.
  • Analyzed PDR waveform averaging and time-frequency characteristics using cursor-based peak identification.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences were observed in the mean frequency of the PDR between in-flight and ground-based EEG recordings.
  • The standard deviation for PDR oscillations remained within a ±1Hz range across all conditions and subjects.
  • Power spectral density of the PDR also showed no significant variations between space and terrestrial recordings.

Conclusions:

  • The spectral characteristics of the posterior dominant rhythm (PDR) remain stable within normal physiological limits during short-duration space missions.
  • A ±1 Hz variation in PDR frequency is considered acceptable and does not indicate significant neurophysiological changes due to microgravity.
  • Further research is needed to identify other EEG features that may reflect human brain neurophysiology during extended space exploration.