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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Ketamine Reduces Avoidance Responses During Re-Exposition to Aversive Stimulus: Comparison Between (S)-Isomer and

Clarissa A Moura1, Anne N de Sousa-Silva1, Ana Lívia Mesquita Soares1

  • 1Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil.

Brain Sciences
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Racemic ketamine and its S-isomer impact stress-related behaviors in mice. (R,S)-ketamine demonstrated greater efficacy in reducing avoidance and inducing antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.

Keywords:
animal modelanxietyaversive memorydepressionketaminemouse

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Ketamine's effects on fear memory are known, but its impact on avoidance memory and emotional behaviors is less understood.
  • Stress-induced behavioral changes are a significant concern in mental health research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of (R,S)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine on avoidance responses and depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in stressed mice.
  • To investigate the potential of ketamine enantiomers in modulating stress-induced behavioral deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Mice exposed to stress were administered (R,S)-ketamine or (S)-ketamine before an active avoidance task.
  • Behavioral assessments included the active avoidance task, tail suspension test, and open field test.

Main Results:

  • Neither ketamine form altered avoidance memory retrieval.
  • (S)-ketamine and (R,S)-ketamine reduced avoidance responses during aversive stimulus re-exposure.
  • (R,S)- and (S)-ketamine showed antidepressant effects; (R,S)-ketamine exhibited anxiolytic actions.

Conclusions:

  • Ketamine shows therapeutic potential for stress-related disorders.
  • (R,S)-ketamine is more effective in simultaneously reducing avoidance, and inducing antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in stressed mice.