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Differential Gut Microbiome Profiles in Long-Distance Endurance Cyclists and Runners.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Gut Microbiome Research
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sport-Specific Adaptations

Background:

  • Previous research indicated gut microbiota correlates with sports in runners, showing similar diversity between sexes.
  • Gut microbiome composition in endurance athletes beyond runners, such as cyclists, remains under-investigated.
  • Understanding sport-specific gut microbial signatures is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gut microbiome profiles in competitive cyclists compared to runners.
  • To determine if gut microbiome signatures are sport-specific.
  • To identify differences in microbiome composition between male and female cyclists and runners.
  • To explore correlations between gut bacteria and exercise performance metrics in cyclists and runners.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 58 participants: 18 cyclists, 22 runners, and 18 controls (with sex distribution noted).
  • Collected fecal samples for 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze gut microbiota composition and diversity (alpha and beta).
  • Assessed exercise performance via maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and time-to-exhaustion tests, measuring blood lactate levels.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in alpha diversity were observed between cyclists and runners (p-adj < 0.001).
  • Male cyclists exhibited significantly lower alpha diversity compared to male runners (p-adj < 0.001).
  • Fifteen different bacteria showed varied abundances between cyclists, runners, and controls.
  • Positive correlations were found between specific gut bacteria and training volume, time-to-exhaustion, VO2max, and blood lactate levels in both cyclists (6 bacteria) and runners (8 bacteria).

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiome signatures appear to be sport-specific, differing between cyclists and runners.
  • Distinct gut bacterial compositions and diversity levels exist between cyclists and runners.
  • These differences are likely influenced by the unique physiological and biomechanical demands of cycling versus running.