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Associations Between Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and HLA Alleles in a Caucasian Population: A

Bogusław Tymoniuk1, Maciej Borowiec2, Joanna Makowska3

  • 1Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are linked to symptomatic COVID-19 and severe disease. Identifying these HLA profiles advances understanding of COVID-19

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Severe COVID-19 remains a significant global health concern.
  • The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in immune responses necessitates investigating its impact on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.
  • Existing data on HLA and COVID-19 are inconsistent, highlighting the need for further research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare HLA profiles between patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and healthy controls.
  • To analyze HLA allele frequencies in relation to COVID-19 severity (severe vs. non-severe).

Main Methods:

  • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping was performed using next-generation sequencing.
  • The study included 2322 individuals: 2217 healthy hematopoietic stem cell donors and 105 patients with symptomatic COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Specific HLA alleles (e.g., HLA-A*30:01, HLA-B*44:02, HLA-DRB1*11:02) were associated with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • HLA alleles such as HLA-C*07:04 and HLA-DQB1*03:03 appeared to confer protection.
  • The severe course of COVID-19 was linked to alleles including HLA-B*08:01, HLA-DRB1*03:01, and HLA-DQB1*03:01, whereas HLA-DRB1*08:01 showed a protective effect.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified HLA alleles associated with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the genetic underpinnings of COVID-19.
  • This research is a step towards developing personalized medicine approaches for COVID-19 management.

Keywords:
COVID-19HLASARS-CoV-2autoimmuneclinical coursehuman leukocyte antigenrisksevere

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