The First Case of Streptococcus sinensis Endocarditis in Italy: Case Presentation and Systematic Literature Review

Almost 25 years have now passed since the first identification of Streptococcus sinensis (S. sinensis). It can cause infections both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. However, it has been rarely described as an aetiology of infectious endocarditis. We herein report the case of a 75-year-old Italian gentleman who was admitted for shortness of breath, asthenia, weight loss, and an episode of loss of consciousness and who was subsequently diagnosed with S. sinensis endocarditis (the first reported in Italy). He was, therefore, treated with ceftriaxone for six weeks and underwent cardiac surgery. We performed a literature review on S. sinensis endocarditis cases and found 12 other reported cases. Demographics, clinical presentation, prognostic factors, treatment, and outcomes were summarized. Despite anecdotic cases being reported, S. sinensis endocarditis can occur and should be promptly and properly identified using accurate diagnostic methods. Continued research into its epidemiology, pathogenesis, antimicrobial resistance, and host interactions is essential for enhancing our knowledge and improving clinical management strategies.