Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.5K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.5K
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

1.9K
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
1.9K
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

381
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
381
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

540
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
540
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

338
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
338
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.3K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measured Versus Predicted Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch after TAVR in Sievers Type 1 BAV: Incidence, Determinants, and Outcomes From the AD-HOC Registry.

Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions·2026
Same author

Association of duration of amino acids infusion and renal protection: a secondary analysis of the PROTECTION trial.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Diabetes does not modify the renal-protective effect of intravenous amino acids infusion after cardiac surgery.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2026
Same author

Family refusal rates for organ donation after brain death and after circulatory death: a single-center 6-year experience.

Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care·2025
Same author

Long-Term Outcomes After Acute Kidney Injury During Hospitalization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Matched Controls Studies.

Critical care medicine·2025
Same author

Ethical tensions and professional attitudes toward circulatory death organ donation in the ICU: a systematic review.

Intensive care medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

2.3K

Systemic and Cardiac Microvascular Dysfunction in Hypertension.

Alessandro Durante1, Alessandro Mazzapicchi2, Martina Baiardo Redaelli3

  • 1Interventional and Clinical Cardiology Unit, Policlinico San Marco, 24040 Zingonia, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Hypertension damages the microcirculation, leading to organ damage. Early detection and interventions targeting blood pressure, endothelial function, and oxidative stress are crucial for mitigating complications.

Keywords:
brainhearthypertensionmicrovascular

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations
08:21

Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.2K
Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

2.3K
Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations
08:21

Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.2K
Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion
08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Nephrology
  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Hypertension significantly impacts the microcirculation, leading to structural and functional changes.
  • The microcirculation is vital for oxygen and nutrient exchange, maintaining tissue homeostasis.
  • Hypertensive microvascular alterations include remodeling and rarefaction, increasing vascular resistance and causing end-organ damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the profound impact of hypertension on microcirculation.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertensive microvascular dysfunction.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microvascular changes in hypertension.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of hypertension's effects on organ systems.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension causes microvascular remodeling and rarefaction, impairing vessel density and elasticity.
  • Key mechanisms include impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and fibrosis.
  • These changes lead to progressive vascular stiffening and dysfunction, affecting the heart, kidneys, brain, and retina.

Conclusions:

  • Microvascular dysfunction is pivotal in hypertension-related complications.
  • Optimizing blood pressure control is essential.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting endothelial function, oxidative stress, and vascular remodeling are critical for mitigating systemic consequences and reducing disease burden.