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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating Immune Cell Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment — Challenges and Innovations in Cancer Prognosis
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Immune Cell Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment — Challenges and Innovations in Cancer Prognosis

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Targeting Cancer: Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Innovations.

Irena Barbara Padzińska-Pruszyńska1, Bartłomiej Taciak1, Łukasz Kiraga2

  • 1Center of Cellular Immunotherapies, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cancer treatment faces challenges from tumor complexity and resistance. Novel immuno-oncology strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) show promise for improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Tregscancer immunotherapydendritic cellsnatural killer cellstumor microenvironmenttumor-associated macrophages

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Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Cancer presents a growing global health challenge, with millions of new cases and deaths projected annually.
  • Despite progress, cancer treatment faces hurdles including tumor heterogeneity, treatment resistance, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • The TME significantly influences tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of immuno-oncology.
  • To highlight novel therapeutic strategies targeting the TME.
  • To discuss how these strategies can overcome treatment resistance and improve efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immuno-oncology and TME-targeting therapies.
  • Analysis of recent advancements, including cell-based therapies like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
  • Discussion of the role of the TME in cancer progression and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Immuno-oncology has emerged as a key area in cancer treatment innovation.
  • Targeting the TME offers a promising avenue to enhance current therapies.
  • Cellular therapies, such as TILs, demonstrate potential in treating solid tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Novel immuno-oncology approaches targeting the TME are crucial for advancing cancer care.
  • Harnessing the TME can potentially overcome treatment resistance and improve outcomes.
  • Further research into TME-modulating therapies is warranted to address persistent challenges in oncology.