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Related Concept Videos

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
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Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...
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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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Fineness Modulus01:19

Fineness Modulus

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The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...
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Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

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Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
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Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

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Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
121
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  5. Environmental Sciences
  7. Soil Sciences
  9. Soil Physics
  11. Effect Of Sand Addition On Laterite Soil Stabilization

Effect of Sand Addition on Laterite Soil Stabilization

Bárbara Drumond Almeida1, Lisley Madeira Coelho1, Antônio Carlos Rodrigues Guimarães1

  • 1Department of Fortification and Construction, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 8, 2025

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Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding sand to lateritic soils did not improve their mechanical performance for pavement construction. Pure laterite demonstrated superior resilient modulus and lower permanent deformation, making it a suitable material for flexible pavements.

Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lateritic soils are abundant in tropical regions and have a history of use in flexible pavement unbound layers in Brazil.
  • Traditional methods often discard lateritic soils or require stabilization based on limited parameters like gradation and Atterberg limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical characteristics of a Roraima lateritic soil, focusing on resilient modulus and permanent deformation.
  • To evaluate the effect of adding 20% sand on the lateritic soil's mechanical behavior for pavement applications.

Main Methods:

  • Repeated load triaxial tests were conducted to assess mechanical properties.
  • Shakedown analysis was performed to evaluate material stability under repeated loading.

Main Results:

Keywords:
lateritemechanical behaviorsandsoil stabilization

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  • The laterite-sand mixture (744 MPa) showed a lower average resilient modulus (RM) than pure lateritic soil (790 MPa).
  • The mixture with sand experienced nearly double the plastic strain compared to pure laterite.
  • Pure laterite exhibited more stable performance in shakedown analysis, indicating greater durability.

Conclusions:

  • Sand addition did not significantly enhance the mechanical performance of the lateritic soil for pavement applications.
  • Pure lateritic soil is a viable material for pavement construction, offering superior strength and durability compared to the sand mixture.
  • Findings underscore the need for advanced mechanical testing beyond conventional methods for lateritic soils.