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Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

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An Enhanced Bioactive Glass Composition with Improved Thermal Stability and Sinterability.

Andrea Martelli¹, Devis Bellucci¹, Valeria Cannillo¹

¹Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 8, 2025

Summary

A new bioactive glass (BG) composition, S53P4_MSK, offers enhanced sinterability without crystallization. This novel material demonstrates promising mechanical properties and bioactivity for advanced applications.

Keywords:

crystallization differential thermal analysis heating microscopy magnesium novel bioactive glasses potassium sintering optimization strontium

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Materials Engineering
Glass Science

Background:

Commercial bioactive glasses (BGs) face challenges with crystallization during thermal processing, negatively impacting properties.
Developing BGs with enhanced bioactivity and crystallization resistance is critical for improved performance.
Magnesium, strontium, and potassium are incorporated for therapeutic and thermal property benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel bioactive glass composition (S53P4_MSK) with improved thermal stability and bioactivity.
To evaluate the sinterability, mechanical properties, and bioactivity of the new BG composition.
To overcome crystallization issues common in bioactive glass processing.

Main Methods:

Melt-quench route for novel BG (S53P4_MSK) synthesis.
Differential thermal analysis, heating microscopy, and X-ray diffraction for thermal and crystallization behavior.
Micro-indentation for mechanical property evaluation (elastic modulus, hardness, fracture toughness).
Kokubo's protocol, SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy for bioactivity assessment.

Main Results:

S53P4_MSK exhibits high sinterability without crystallization at 700 °C.
The material demonstrates a high elastic modulus and hardness.
Bioactivity was confirmed through standard assays and spectroscopic analysis.
The novel composition effectively mitigates crystallization issues during thermal treatment.

Conclusions:

The S53P4_MSK bioactive glass shows excellent potential due to its high sinterability, lack of crystallization, and favorable mechanical and biological properties.
This novel BG composition offers a promising alternative to commercial BGs, addressing key processing and performance limitations.
Further research into therapeutic applications of magnesium, strontium, and potassium in BGs is warranted.