Recent Advances in Micro- and Nanorobot-Assisted Colorimetric and Fluorescence Platforms for Biosensing Applications

Area of Science:

• * Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
• * Materials Science
• * Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• * Micro- and nanorobots (MNRs) are gaining traction for environmental, biomedical, and microengineering applications.
• * Current research focuses on synthesis methods, propulsion, and sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To review advancements in MNR synthesis, propulsion, and their application in sensing platforms.
• * To highlight the role of MNRs in colorimetric and fluorescence-based biosensing.
• * To discuss challenges and future prospects in MNR research.

Main Methods:

• * Exploration of top-down and bottom-up synthesis strategies for MNRs.
• * Analysis of various propulsion mechanisms: magnetic, electric, light, and biological forces.
• * Investigation of MNR integration into colorimetric and fluorescence detection systems.

Main Results:

• * Top-down synthesis offers design versatility, while bottom-up methods provide enhanced biocompatibility.
• * MNRs enable efficient navigation and motion-driven signal transduction for sensitive biomolecular detection.
• * Advancements show potential for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity in colorimetric and fluorescence biosensing.

Conclusions:

• * MNRs hold transformative potential for sensing applications, particularly in diagnostics.
• * Future research should address stability, biocompatibility, and integration challenges.
• * MNR-assisted biosensing is poised to advance chemical and biological detection technologies.