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804
Pandemic-Proofing: Intercepting Zoonotic Spillover Events
Bharti Bhatia1, Sudipta Sonar1, Seema Khan1
1Molecular and Translational Virology, Centre for Virus Research, Vaccines and Therapeutics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 8, 2025
Summary
Preventing zoonotic spillover events, or cross-species transmissions, is crucial for mitigating pandemic risks. This review analyzes spillover mechanisms, risk factors, and evidence-based strategies for global health security.
Area of Science:
- Global Health Security
- Epidemiology
- One Health Approach
Background:
- Zoonotic spillover events represent a significant and escalating threat to global health.
- Preventing cross-species transmission is vital for mitigating pandemic risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- Analyze mechanisms and risk factors of zoonotic spillover.
- Propose evidence-based prevention strategies to avert future pandemics.
- Highlight the importance of targeting spillover events as the root cause.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) from 1960-2024.
- Analysis of documented spillover events, outcomes, and intervention strategies.
- Examination of historical and contemporary outbreaks to understand transmission dynamics.
Main Results:
- Key risk factors include habitat encroachment, agricultural intensification, wildlife trade, climate change, global travel, and inadequate healthcare.
- Viral reservoirs and rapid evolution pose prediction and prevention challenges.
- Effective solutions involve enhanced surveillance, biosecurity, diagnostics, and sustainable wildlife management.
Conclusions:
- A "One Health" approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is essential.
- Predictive modeling, international cooperation, public education, and medical countermeasures are vital.
- Proactive, comprehensive strategies addressing spillover root causes are critical for future pandemic prevention.
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