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Medicinal Cannabis and the Intestinal Microbiome.

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Medicinal cannabis components interact with the gut microbiome and the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS). This interaction influences gut health, immunity, and neurological pathways, offering potential therapeutic benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Integrative medicine
  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cannabis has a long history of medicinal, food, and recreational use.
  • Cannabis compounds can alleviate pain, inflammation, mood disorders, and gastrointestinal issues.
  • The gut-microbiota-brain axis facilitates communication between the central and enteric nervous systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between the endocannabinoid system, gut microbiota, and medicinal cannabinoids.
  • To propose an exogenous cannabinoid-intestinal microbiota-endocannabinoid system axis.
  • To advance an integrative medicine model for prescribing medicinal cannabis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical evidence on the endocannabinoid system and gut microbiota.
  • Conceptualization of the exogenous cannabinoid-intestinal microbiota-endocannabinoid system axis.
  • Proposal of an integrative medicine model.

Main Results:

  • The endocannabinoid system plays a key role in regulating immune responses, intestinal homeostasis, and barrier integrity.
  • The gut microbiota influences neurological, endocrine, and immunological functions via the gut-microbiota-brain axis.
  • Medicinal cannabinoids and the intestinal microbiome can potentiate the endocannabinoid system's actions.

Conclusions:

  • An exogenous cannabinoid-intestinal microbiota-endocannabinoid system axis is proposed, highlighting the microbiome's role.
  • Medicinal cannabinoids may enhance the endocannabinoid system's mechanism of action.
  • An integrative medicine approach to medicinal cannabis may yield beneficial health outcomes.