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Challenges in Global Distribution and Equitable Access to Monkeypox Vaccines.

Nengak P Danladi1,2, Progress Agboola3, Peter Olaniyi3

  • 1Global Health Infectious Diseases and Control Institute, Nasarawa State University Keffi, RWR4+H9P, Keffi 961101, Nigeria.

Viruses
|January 8, 2025
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Summary

The global monkeypox outbreak highlights significant inequities in vaccine access. Low- and middle-income nations face disadvantages due to vaccine nationalism and resource distribution challenges.

Keywords:
challengesdistributionequitablemonkeypoxvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • The monkeypox outbreak has expanded globally, spreading from endemic regions in Africa to non-endemic areas worldwide.
  • The escalating situation has been declared a public health emergency of international concern, necessitating urgent global attention.
  • Existing global health structures face unprecedented challenges in managing this widespread viral transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the global challenges associated with the monkeypox outbreak.
  • To assess the equitable access to monkeypox vaccines for diverse global populations.
  • To identify disparities in vaccine distribution and propose mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global vaccine distribution mechanisms.
  • Review of international public health policies and agreements.
  • Assessment of resource allocation and surveillance data related to monkeypox.

Main Results:

  • Significant global inequities in vaccine access were identified, disadvantaging low- and middle-income countries.
  • Factors contributing to inequity include advance purchase agreements, vaccine stockpiling, and vaccine nationalism.
  • Insufficient surveillance and reporting mechanisms exacerbate distribution challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Strengthening global vaccine manufacturing capacity is crucial for future pandemic preparedness.
  • Targeted strategies are needed for countries with high-risk profiles and limited resources.
  • Enhanced surveillance systems and public health initiatives to address vaccine hesitancy are essential for equitable global health security.