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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation
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Systematic Review on Hypnotherapy and Smoking Cessation.

Vindhya Ekanayake1, Gary R Elkins1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypnotherapy shows a positive impact on smoking cessation, with 66.7% of studies reporting success. More research is needed to confirm efficacy using biological measures and assess side effects.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Smoking cessation remains a significant public health challenge.
  • Hypnotherapy is an alternative or complementary approach explored for smoking cessation.
  • Existing evidence requires comprehensive evaluation to determine hypnotherapy's effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate the evidence on hypnotherapy for smoking cessation.
  • To assess the impact and efficacy of hypnosis interventions in adult smokers.
  • To identify factors associated with positive outcomes in hypnotherapy for smoking cessation.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 745 nonduplicate publications, including 63 analyzed papers.
  • Inclusion criteria: adult participants, measurable smoking cessation data, hypnosis intervention, and ≥10 participants.
  • Analysis of 33 studies reporting on the impact of hypnosis for smoking cessation.

Main Results:

  • 66.7% of analyzed studies reported a positive impact of hypnotherapy on smoking cessation.
  • Positive outcomes were associated with longer treatment duration and more sessions.
  • Studies with positive impact more frequently used both self-report and objective cessation measures.

Conclusions:

  • Hypnotherapy demonstrates a positive efficacy for smoking cessation.
  • Further research is recommended, focusing on biologically confirmed abstinence and reduced cigarette consumption.
  • Future studies should assess treatment fidelity, hypnotizability, race/ethnicity, and adverse events.