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Positron Emission Tomography

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...

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11C-Methionine PET/CT in Cryptococcus Meningoencephalitis.

Yoichi Otomi¹, Natsumi Teshima², Takayoshi Shinya³

¹From the Department of Radiology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan.

Clinical Nuclear Medicine

|January 8, 2025

Summary

A 70-year-old man presented with seizures and was diagnosed with Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis. Neuroimaging revealed characteristic findings in the left occipital lobe, aiding in diagnosis.

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Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Neuroimaging

Background:

Epileptic seizures can be a presenting symptom of central nervous system infections.
Distinguishing infectious etiologies from neoplastic processes in the brain is clinically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a case of Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis presenting with focal neurological signs and imaging findings.
To highlight the utility of advanced neuroimaging in diagnosing central nervous system infections.

Main Methods:

Case presentation of a 70-year-old male with an epileptic seizure.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and Gadolinium contrast.
11C-Methionine Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) scan.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.

Main Results:

MRI demonstrated high signal intensity and cortical enhancement in the left occipital cortex.
11C-Methionine PET/CT showed increased uptake in the left occipital lobe cortex, mimicking a tumor.
CSF examination confirmed the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Conclusions:

Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis can present with focal neurological symptoms and mimic brain tumors on imaging.
Integrated neuroimaging techniques, including PET/CT, are valuable in the diagnostic workup of complex neurological cases.
Early diagnosis and treatment of Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis are crucial for patient outcomes.