Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Structural Classification of Joints

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Multiple-level (≥ 3) cervical artificial disc replacement: illustrative case and systematic review of the literature.

Neurosurgical focus·2026

Same author

Instant fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy reveals mechano-metabolic reprogramming of stromal cells in breast peritumor microenvironment.

iScience·2026

Same author

Evaluating Virtual and Hybrid Mentorship in Orthopaedic Surgery: Perceived Benefits, Challenges, and Impacts in the Post-COVID Era.

JBJS reviews·2026

Same author

Oblique Anterior Column Realignment for Minimally Invasive Adult Spinal Deformity Correction: An Illustrative Case Series and Systematic Literature Review With Meta-Analysis.

Neurosurgery practice·2026

Same author

Podium Abstracts Presented at the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026

Same author

An Assessment of Barriers to Care and Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Telephone Survey at a Federally Qualified Health Center Women's Clinic.

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

Static Versus Expandable Cages in Minimally Invasive Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review and

Ryan S Beyer¹, Tara Shooshani², Bianca Batista²

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange.

Clinical Spine Surgery

|January 8, 2025

Summary

Expandable cages in lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) show similar outcomes to static cages regarding complications and recovery. Further research is needed to confirm these findings for LLIF surgery.

Keywords:

LLIF expandable fusion interbody lateral lumbar static subsidence

More Related Videos

Three-dimensional Navigation-guided, Prone, Single-position, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique

Three-dimensional Navigation-guided, Prone, Single-position, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique

Published on: July 15, 2021

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion

Published on: February 14, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

Three-dimensional Navigation-guided, Prone, Single-position, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique

Three-dimensional Navigation-guided, Prone, Single-position, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique

Published on: July 15, 2021

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion

Published on: February 14, 2025

Area of Science:

Spine surgery
Orthopedics
Minimally invasive spine surgery

Background:

Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a minimally invasive technique gaining popularity.
Expandable cages aim to simplify LLIF and reduce complications compared to static cages.
Concerns exist regarding graft window size and cost with expandable cages.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and compare outcomes of LLIF using static versus expandable interbody cages.
To focus on periprocedural complications, intraoperative morbidity, and fusion rates.
To identify all relevant reports through a comprehensive literature search.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing static and expandable cages in LLIF.
Searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases following PRISMA guidelines.
Assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and performed meta-analysis with PyMARE.

Main Results:

Analyzed 4 studies with 283 patients (150 static, 133 expandable cages).
No significant differences observed in operative time, blood loss, length of stay, subsidence, disc height, ODI, or back pain.
Expandable cages showed a trend towards improved fusion rates (97% vs. 92%, P=0.06).

Conclusions:

Expandable interbody cages in LLIF surgery appear to yield similar results to static cages regarding surgical morbidity and outcomes.
No significant differences in subsidence or decompression were noted between cage types.
Prospective comparative studies are recommended to validate these findings.