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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...

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Ideal Solutions or Mixtures

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From a molecular perspective, an ideal solution is one in which the intermolecular interactions between unlike molecules are, on average, the same as those between like molecules. This is the case for ideal gas mixtures, where the molecules are far apart and do not interact with each other. However, for condensed phases like liquids or solids, the molecules are close together and interact with each other. In an ideal solution, the molecules of different species are so similar to each other that...

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...

The Colloidal State

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Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

Published on: September 27, 2011

Synergizing microfluidics and plasmonics: advances, applications, and future directions.

C Escobedo¹, A G Brolo²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada. ce32@queensu.ca.

|January 8, 2025

Summary

This review explores the synergy between nanoplasmonics and microfluidics, highlighting how light manipulation at the nanoscale drives advancements in fluid handling and particle trapping. Future prospects include novel 2D materials for enhanced applications.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Engineering

Background:

Nanoplasmonics and microfluidics have seen significant growth due to materials science and nanofabrication advancements.
These fields are increasingly merging, leading to progress in photonics and other scientific domains.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamental principles and key achievements of nanoplasmonics-microfluidics synergy.
To explore phenomena, techniques, and applications arising from the interplay of light and fluids at small scales.

Main Methods:

Elucidation of nanophotonics principles centered on surface plasmon-polaritons.
Exploration of subwavelength plasmonic structures for light manipulation beyond the diffraction limit.
Investigation of integrated plasmonic and micro/nanofluidic systems.

Main Results:

Demonstration of nanoscopic fluid manipulation and trapping of individual nanoscopic entities (molecules, nanoparticles).
Harnessing light within fluidic environments for various applications.
Discussion of light-driven fabrication of microfluidic platforms and microfluidics in plasmonic nanostructure fabrication.

Conclusions:

The synergy offers unparalleled capabilities for light manipulation and fluid control at the nanoscale.
Future integration with 2D materials like goldene and borophene promises enhanced properties for advanced applications.
Potential innovations span energy harvesting, photothermal cancer therapy, and catalytic processes like hydrogen generation and CO2 conversion.