Oral cancer immunology: state of the art and future perspectives
Fábio Muradás Girardi1, Lauren Frenzel Schuch2, Manoela Domingues Martins3
1Hospital Ana Nery, Head and Neck Department, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Abstract:
Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease involving genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The literature indicates that inflammatory cells at the advancing front of the tumor induce a host immune response, preventing the spread of the tumor. However, cancer cells adopt various continued strategies to circumvent this immune surveillance. The complexity of immune mechanisms suggests that there must be virtually individual patterns of anti-tumor immune responses. Due to this important interaction of cancer with the immune system, the objective of the present study was to provide an up-to-date overview of immuno-oncology focused on oral cancer, summarizing the basic immunology, the classic risk factors, immunotherapy, and future treatment and prognostic perspectives.
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