Xingu Indigenous Territory: nutritional and metabolic profile of indigenous people evaluated between 2017 and 2019

The study evaluates the nutritional and metabolic profile of the adult population of the Xingu Indigenous Territory by gender and base hub. It was developed in 18 villages from 2017 to 2019. Anthropometry and clinical, physical examinations were conducted in loco in individuals over 18. A total of 1,598 Indigenous people were evaluated, with a mean age of 36.7 years. Of these, 50.6% were male, 53.2% lived in the Leonardo Base hub, 22.7% in Diauarum, 12.3% in Pavuru and 11.8% in Wawi. Women had a higher prevalence (p < 0.05) than men, respectively, of underweight (2.0% vs. 0.1%), normal weight (46.1% vs. 37.4%), central obesity (63.4% vs. 21 .8%), low HDL cholesterol (77.7% vs. 72.9%) and Metabolic Syndrome (29.0% vs. 23.5%). In comparison, men had a higher prevalence (p < 0.05) than women, respectively, of overweight (46.3% vs. 37.5%), high triglycerides (34.5% vs. 28.2%) and high blood pressure levels (13.1% vs. 8.6%). The Leonardo and Wawi base hubs had the worst nutritional and cardiometabolic results. Overall, subjects had a high frequency of noncommunicable diseases and cardiometabolic risk. Urgent measures need to be taken to control this situation.