Sociodemographic profiles of Indigenous households in the 1991, 2000, and 2010 censuses

This article analyzes the sociodemographic composition of the Indigenous population in Brazil in the 1991, 2000, and 2010 demographic censuses, in addition to investigating inequalities in access to basic sanitation and electricity based on the 2010 Census. A methodology is proposed that classifies households with Indigenous residents as "homogeneous", "mixed" with an Indigenous in the category "household head", and mixed with a non-Indigenous in the category "household head". Regional and situational differences overlapped with differences by type of household and location, with better conditions in urban than rural areas and in the Southeast and South. The North was the region with the least access in general. Regional differences and differences between urban/rural areas were observed, highlighting better urban conditions in the Southeast and South. These inequalities reflect fragmented public policies, economic pressures, and deterritorialization, among other factors. The development of new techniques and critical debate is essential to understanding and addressing racial inequalities in the country and promoting public policies appropriate to Indigenous peoples.