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Helminth Infection Induces Innate Immune Priming in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.

Lamin B Cham1,2,3, Bradley Whitehead2,3, Marvin Werner3,4

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|January 8, 2025
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Summary

Helminth co-infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus enhances plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) antiviral responses. This study reveals increased type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine production in pDCs from infected mice, potentially explaining helminth-induced antiviral protection.

Keywords:
Heligmosomoides polygyrusantiviralbone marrowhelminthplasmacytoid dendritic cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Heligmosomoides polygyrus co-infection is associated with protective antiviral effects against pulmonary viral infections.
  • The underlying immunological mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of H. polygyrus infection on the function of bone marrow-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).
  • To explore potential mechanisms for helminth-mediated antiviral protection.

Main Methods:

  • C57BL/6 mice were infected with H. polygyrus larvae for two weeks.
  • Bone marrow-derived pDCs were generated and stimulated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists.
  • Gene expression of type I interferons and antigen presentation markers, along with cytokine secretion, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • pDCs from H. polygyrus-infected mice exhibited significantly increased expression of type I interferon genes (Ifnα1, Ifnα4, Ifnβ1, Mx1, Isg15) compared to controls.
  • Elevated secretion of TNF, IL-6, and IL-10 was observed in pDCs from infected mice.
  • Enhanced expression of antigen presentation markers was detected in pDCs from infected mice.

Conclusions:

  • H. polygyrus infection enhances the antiviral and immune-stimulatory capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
  • These findings provide a potential cellular mechanism explaining the previously reported antiviral protection conferred by acute helminth infections.