Exploring Occupational Health Challenges in Pathology: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Indian Pathologists

Introduction Occupational health hazards are a significant concern for pathologists due to their unique work environment. These professionals face risks from prolonged microscope use, exposure to chemicals such as formalin, and handling sharp instruments, leading to issues such as musculoskeletal disorders and needlestick injuries. Addressing these hazards is crucial for their well-being and the overall efficiency of medical diagnostics. Implementing effective safety measures and increasing awareness can create a safer and healthier workplace for pathologists. Objective This study primarily aimed to assess the prevalence of occupational health hazards among Indian pathologists. It further assessed the knowledge and attitudes of pathologists toward safety practices in pathology. Specifically, it explored the research questions: What are the levels of awareness and adherence to safe practices among pathologists? What common factors contribute to reluctance in following these practices, particularly concerning occupational hazards such as musculoskeletal disorders, cut injuries, and chemical exposure? Materials and methods Online and offline versions of a survey questionnaire were prepared to cover the spectrum of occupational hazards regarding musculoskeletal diseases, cut injuries, and level of awareness. The questionnaire was shared through email and social networking platforms with over 1000 pathologists across India. The responses, inputs, and open-ended comments from the respondents were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 146 pathologists responded and completed the survey, starting from residents to professors. Almost all of them had experienced musculoskeletal problems, among which neck pain was the predominant problem, accounting for 82 (56.2%), followed by low back aches, accounting for 69 (47.3%). Needlestick injury was reported by 33 (22.6%) as "at least once in the past year." Cut-related injury while performing grossing/autopsy was reported by 57 (39%), and 29 (19.8%) pathologists sustained this cut-related injury once within the last one year. A total of 26 (17.8%) pathologists had been injured two to five times, and two pathologists (1.3%) had this injury more than five times within last one year. Over half of the respondents, i.e., 90 (61.6%) pathologists, reported eye fatigue symptoms. Additionally, 94 (64.3%) pathologists reported an increase in refractive error after joining the practice, with myopia being the most common, affecting 69 (47.2%) pathologists. Adverse reactions to formalin were reported by 96 (66%) of the 146 respondents. These findings highlight the need for ergonomic interventions and stricter safety protocols in pathology laboratories. Conclusion The study highlights substantial occupational health challenges among Indian pathologists, particularly musculoskeletal issues, needlestick and cut injuries, eye strain, and adverse effects of formalin exposure. These findings emphasize the urgent need for enhanced safety training and compliance with best practices to mitigate health risks, improve occupational well-being, and support the sustainability of pathology practice in India.