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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Crosstalk between thyroid CSCs and immune cells: basic principles and clinical implications.

Xiaoxiao Li1, Hengtong Han2, Kaili Yang1

  • 1The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid cancer stem cells (TCSCs) drive tumor progression and treatment resistance. Understanding TCSCs and their interaction with immune cells offers new therapeutic strategies for advanced thyroid cancer.

Keywords:
immune cellsimmunotherapytargeting cancer stem cellsthyroid cancerthyroid cancer stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy.
  • Advanced and refractory thyroid cancers present significant treatment challenges.
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are key drivers of tumor evolution, recurrence, and resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of thyroid cancer stem cells (TCSCs).
  • To explore the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms regulating TCSC properties.
  • To highlight the bidirectional crosstalk between TCSCs and the tumor immune microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of TCSC research.
  • Analysis of intrinsic signaling pathways and biomarkers.
  • Examination of TCSC-immune cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • TCSCs contribute to thyroid cancer proliferation, invasion, recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.
  • Intrinsic factors like signaling pathways and dedifferentiation regulate TCSC stemness.
  • Extrinsic factors, particularly immune cell crosstalk, modulate TCSC behavior and create an immune-evasive niche.

Conclusions:

  • TCSCs are central to thyroid cancer progression and resistance.
  • The interplay between TCSCs and immune cells is critical for tumor development.
  • Targeting TCSC-immune cell crosstalk presents promising therapeutic avenues for thyroid cancer.