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Long-range trajectory reconstructions using the point mass model.

Fabiano Riva1, Frederick Richard Broekhuis2, Michael Haag3

  • 1Ecole Des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forensic examiners can reconstruct long-range bullet trajectories using the point mass model (PMM). This study assesses PMM accuracy, finding limitations at high incident angles due to parameter variations and measurement errors.

Keywords:
accuracyexterior ballisticslong range shootingpoint mass modeltrajectory reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Ballistics
  • Physics

Background:

  • Traditional linear models suffice for short-range (≤30m) shooting reconstructions.
  • Long-range trajectories (500m-1800m) are arced due to gravity and flight time, requiring advanced models.
  • The point mass model (PMM) is accessible and considered accurate for these complex reconstructions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the accuracy of the point mass model (PMM) for long-range bullet trajectory reconstruction.
  • To analyze the influence of key input parameters on PMM reconstruction accuracy.
  • To validate the PMM against real-world long-range handgun trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computer program based on the point mass model (PMM) for trajectory reconstruction.
  • Input parameter variations in PMM result in a calculated area of origin, not a single point.
  • Validated the PMM by comparing its output with 20 handgun bullet trajectories measured by Doppler radar (500m-1800m).

Main Results:

  • PMM reconstructions define an area of origin, influenced by parameter variability.
  • Reconstruction accuracy is limited, especially at high incident angles.
  • Significant differences observed between reconstructed and radar-measured deflections.

Conclusions:

  • The point mass model (PMM) provides an estimated area of origin for long-range shooting incidents.
  • Model limitations are pronounced at high incident angles, influenced by crosswind and radar measurement inaccuracies.
  • Further research is needed to refine long-range trajectory reconstruction accuracy in forensic applications.