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Investigating the impact of mitochondrial DNA: Insights into blood transfusion reactions and mitigation strategies

Saeede Bagheri1, Fatemeh Hajiabadi1,2, Reihaneh Vahabzadeh1,2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Vox Sanguinis
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in blood products and can cause transfusion reactions. Reducing mtDNA release through optimized preparation and donor selection may improve transfusion safety.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transfusion reactions are a serious concern, despite occurring in <2% of recipients.
  • Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), are released from damaged cells.
  • Extracellular mtDNA in blood products can activate innate immunity and inflammatory pathways, potentially causing adverse reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release in blood products.
  • To assess the impact of extracellular mtDNA on transfusion reactions.
  • To identify strategies for mitigating transfusion-related complications.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2009-2023).
  • Keywords included: mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA, DAMPs, extracellular mtDNA, blood products, blood components, and transfusion reactions.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was confirmed in the extracellular environment of platelet concentrates (PCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and red blood cell units (RBCUs).
  • Understanding mtDNA release determinants is crucial for transfusion safety.
  • Optimizing preparation techniques and donor selection are potential strategies to reduce mtDNA release.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing factors that influence mtDNA release can enhance blood transfusion safety.
  • Improved transfusion practices lead to better patient outcomes.
  • Further research into mtDNA mitigation strategies is warranted.
Keywords:
blood productsextracellular mtDNAmtDNAmtDNA DAMPstransfusion reactions

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